
Trump’s War on Iran Makes Europe Pay for Its Fossil Fuel Habit
Europe paid €62 billion extra for fossil fuels in five months, and each new crisis repeats the bill.
Author profile

Nacho Álvarez is associate professor of applied economics at the Autonomous University of Madrid and was Spain’s secretary of state for social rights from 2020 to 2023. He has been a visiting researcher in Paris, Lisbon and Norway. His research focuses on the relationship between income distribution, demand and economic growth.

Europe paid €62 billion extra for fossil fuels in five months, and each new crisis repeats the bill.