Author profile

Mattia Guidi

Mattia Guidi is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Siena. He has held teaching and research positions at the European University Institute (Florence), Collegio Carlo Alberto (Turin), LUISS Guido Carli (Rome), and the Scuola Normale Superiore (Florence).

Illustration of economic reforms with carrots, gears, and government buildings in Europe.

Incentives Beat Threats: Europe’s Quiet Reform Breakthrough

Igor Guardiancich, Mattia Guidi, Enrico Borghetto and Lucia Quaglia

NextGenerationEU exposed an awkward truth: governments reform faster when Brussels offers cash than when it threatens punishment.