Having squandered past opportunities and shirked previous commitments, we now must start making up for lost time.
Covid-19 turned the world upside down in 2020. But it has also shown us that when there is a political consensus for action, human ingenuity and innovation can be deployed at the scale and speed needed to meet global challenges.
With unprecedented speed, we have developed, tested and begun to deploy multiple effective vaccines for Covid-19. Now we must bring the same resolve to bear on fighting the other great existential threat to humanity: climate change. As the United Nations secretary-general, António Guterres, put it last month, ‘our future security and prosperity depend on bold climate action’.
And yet, even at the most recent Climate Ambition Summit on December 12th, many leaders’ commitments still fell far short of what is needed to meet this collective challenge. To be sure, the European Union, the United Kingdom and even some of the smaller countries that are most vulnerable to climate change have significantly strengthened their 2030 emissions-reduction targets. But the United States, Japan, China and other major greenhouse-gas emitters still need to follow suit, preferably well ahead of the UN Climate Conference (COP26) in Glasgow this coming November. Given the crisis we face, there are no more excuses for delay or prevarication.
Legacy at risk
Five years ago, after long and painstaking negotiations, the world came together to conclude the Paris climate agreement. This was one of the greatest triumphs of multilateral diplomacy in recent years, but it must not be taken for granted. Without an even greater commitment to action, the legacy of Paris risks being squandered altogether.
The events of the intervening half-decade have created a geopolitical landscape that would be unrecognisable to those who gathered in Paris. Back then, words like ‘coronavirus’ or ‘Brexit’ would have elicited little more than a puzzled shrug; now they command the fevered attention of policy-makers and heads of state and government around the world.
But we cannot allow these developments to obscure the continuing and increasingly acute need for climate action, especially climate finance. Over a decade ago, the world’s richest countries pledged to mobilise $100 billion per year by 2020 to assist poorer countries with climate adaptation and mitigation efforts. That deadline has now passed, and these countries have yet to fulfil their promise.
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No excuse
Still, there is hope. I am delighted that the US president-elect, Joe Biden, has reaffirmed his commitment to rejoin the Paris agreement immediately upon taking office. American leadership is sorely needed after the four wasted years of unnecessary destruction under Donald Trump. A $2 billion payment to the Green Climate Fund by the US to help meet its part of the $100 billion commitment would be a concrete complement to rejoining the Paris accord. This money was already pledged during Barack Obama’s presidency, so there is no excuse to keep it sitting in the US Treasury’s coffers.
By the same token, other rich countries must not use the renewed focus on the US as an alibi for backpedalling on their own commitments. The recent announcement by the German chancellor, Angela Merkel, that she will initiate a new international process on climate finance next year is a welcome declaration of intent. But past experience shows that we cannot count on lofty rhetoric.
Moreover, all countries in 2021 must give clear proof that they are reviewing and seeking to heighten the ambitions of their nationally determined contributions, the voluntary instrument through which signatories will uphold their commitments under the Paris agreement.
Solidarity and justice lie at the heart of both the Paris accord and the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, which were also adopted in 2015. These principles, and the responsibilities they entail, are more important than ever as we chart a sustainable recovery from the shock of Covid-19.
Blunt truth
The blunt truth is that we have wasted too much time in the five years since Paris. The policies we need to cut emissions—including an end to fossil-fuel subsidies, a meaningful carbon price and investment in renewable energies—have been fitful, inconsistent and uncoordinated. But the climate crisis, as with Covid-19, observes no borders and is indifferent to national sovereignty.
While attention has properly been focused on the virus, the world has also witnessed ever more extreme weather phenomena, from wildfires in Australia and California to the costliest storm on record in the Bay of Bengal, which forced two million people to evacuate their homes. We have all become acutely and intimately aware of the fragility of human existence and the extent to which, across borders and generations, our fates are interconnected.
As we move from Paris to 2030, global leaders, businesses and citizens alike should expect to be judged by the actions that are (or are not) taken today. Neither our descendants nor the planet will tolerate more selfish short-termism.
Biden may have promised a ‘return to normalcy’, but the truth is that there is no going back. The world is changing in fundamental ways, and the actions the world takes in the next few years will be critical to lay the groundwork for a sustainable, secure and prosperous future.
Republican forbidden: copyright Project Syndicate 2021—‘No time to spare for the Paris climate promise’
Mary Robinson, a former president of Ireland and United Nations high commissioner for human rights, is chair of the Elders.