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Avatar photoWouter Zwysen

Wouter Zwysen is a senior researcher at the European Trade Union Institute, working  on labour-market inequality and wages, and ethnic and migrant disadvantage.

When Corporate Mergers Hurt Workers, Europe Must Act

Wouter Zwysen

Europe's merger watchdogs generally ignore labour market impacts, but there is a possibility for change.

Limited options to change employers keep wages low

Wouter Zwysen

Concentrated labour markets and non-compete agreements erode worker bargaining power.

Labour shortages – an opportunity to rebalance bargaining power?

Wouter Zwysen

Labour shortages have become one of the most pressing issues in the labour market across Europe.

Migrant labour in the ‘gig’ economy: progress or trap?

Agnieszka Piasna and Wouter Zwysen

Platform work is often presented as a stepping-stone for migrant workers. It may not however feel so benign to them.

Wage inequality in Europe—and why it is falling

Wouter Zwysen

Institutional and economic factors supporting workers are offsetting well-adverted global trends affecting wage distribution.

Women at work: doing different jobs, still unequal

Wouter Zwysen

Because women have fewer options and their work gets devalued, job segregation accounts for half the gender pay gap in Europe.

Reconstruction: time for transformative ideas

Kalina Arabadjieva, Nicola Countouris, Bianca Luna Fabris and Wouter Zwysen

As the world inches back to normality, the Covid-19 crisis highlights deep structural inequalities and the urgent need for bold, systemic solutions to tackle climate change, social injustice, and economic precarity.

Not so much a shortage of skills as a shortage of pay

Wouter Zwysen

Labour shortages following the pandemic have increased most and are most severe in jobs with lower wages and poorer conditions.

Pay gaps between firms driving wage inequality

Wouter Zwysen

Inter-firm differences are not only widening wage gaps but also threaten wider social division among workers.

Performance-related pay and the gender pay gap

Kalina Arabadjieva and Wouter Zwysen

Performance pay might be thought to reward merit—but it mainly rewards men.

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Revisiting worker representation on boards

Board-level employee representation (BLER) has repeatedly resurfaced in times of crisis — from the 2008 financial crash to the Covid-19 pandemic — as a response to mismanagement and democratic erosion. Yet codetermination remains unevenly spread across the EU and underdeveloped within EU industrial relations. This ETUI volume revisits worker representation on company boards by shifting the focus beyond the usual German-centred lens and exploring debates, practices and social partners’ positions in ten often-overlooked EU Member States, to assess the prospects for such an institution to thrive in national social policy.

READ HERE

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Mental Health
Eurofound Talks: Europe's productivity paradox

This episode of the Eurofound Talks podcast looks at why Europe has experienced a more profound slowdown in growth compared to other developed regions, and why greater labour input and higher human capital has not translated into higher output per worker. Mary McCaughey and John Hurley also discuss whether Europe can, and should, look to compete with countries such as the United States and China in the race to harness artificial intelligence.
LISTEN HERE

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Progressive Post Issues

With the volatile start to 2026, what insights can progressives learn from 2025? The 7th edition of the Progressive Yearbook is out now!
In this edition of the Progressive Yearbook, we offer analyses of the EU’s domestic issues—ranging from defense and digital autonomy to what remains of the previous Commission’s Green Deal—as well as global questions such as international trade, tariffs, and the emerging new world order.

READ THE PROGRESSIVE YEARBOOK

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WSI Report

WSI Minimum Wage Report 2025

The trend towards significant nominal minimum wage increases is continuing this year. In view of falling inflation rates, this translates into a sizeable increase in purchasing power for minimum wage earners in most European countries. Most EU countries are now following the reference values for adequate minimum wages enshrined in the European Minimum Wage Directive, which are 60% of the median wage or 50% of the average wage.

DOWNLOAD THE REPORT

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Cohesion Policy

S&D Position Paper on Cohesion Policy post-2027: a resilient future for European territorial equity

Cohesion Policy seeks to foster balanced development and reduce economic, social, and territorial disparities, focusing on rural areas, regions in industrial transition, and those with severe or permanent natural or demographic disadvantages, including outermost, sparsely populated, island, cross-border, and mountain regions.

READ THE PAPER HERE

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🇪🇺 Building a Resilient, Equitable EU Health Union: The S&D Blueprint


From securing pharmaceutical autonomy and guaranteeing universal access to care (the European Health Guarantee) to combatting non-communicable diseases and closing the Gender Health Gap. Read the S&D Group in the European Parliament Position Paper demanding that health becomes a priority across all EU policies.

READ THE POSITION PAPER

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