
The Hugging Face Incident and the Future of Work
The agents hacked a global platform to hide their cheating from a scorer that did not exist.
Author profile

Enrique Fernández-Macías is a Researcher working in the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission in Sevilla. He holds a PhD in Economic Sociology from the University of Salamanca, and his main research interests are job quality, technology & occupational change and the division of labour.

The agents hacked a global platform to hide their cheating from a scorer that did not exist.

New evidence reveals that data-driven management now shapes how millions work across Europe—with profound implications for autonomy and well-being.

Enrique Fernández-Macías and Laura Nurski
The digital transformation of work isn’t destroying jobs through automation—it’s fundamentally reshaping how work is organised, managed and controlled.

Full-time workers in Europe still clock the same hours as in the 1980s.

Enrique Fernández-Macías, David Klenert and José-Ignacio Antón
Apocalyptic visions of robots stealing workers’ jobs are not only misguided but have diverted attention from more significant trends.

Martina Bisello and Enrique Fernández-Macías
Manual jobs in European manufacturing are being transformed as blue-collar workers take on more intellectual tasks. This is a consequence of the increasing use of

Carlos Vacas-Soriano and Enrique Fernández-Macías
The Great Recession depressed real income levels across European countries. But the impact was very unequal across countries and income groups. Countries in the European

Carlos Vacas-Soriano and Enrique Fernández-Macías
EU-wide income inequality declined notably prior to 2008, driven by a strong process of income convergence between European countries. The Great Recession broke this trend.

Martina Bisello and Enrique Fernández-Macías
In the digital age, there are fewer routine jobs because of a higher risk of automation. But a great paradox of this age is this:

If we look at what kinds of jobs have expanded most in recent years, we can split European countries into two: those that experienced job

In the years before the financial crisis of 2008, there was a significant reduction in overall EU wage inequality, driven by economic convergence between rich