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State Debate

This is an article series on global discussions about the state and government produced in partnership with the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.

Strength Without Weight: Ideas For A Post-Bureaucratic State

Geoff Mulgan

Geoff Mulgan reimagines the state as a lean, agile force that delivers power without the drag of bureaucracy.

Chile’s Democracy Faces Its Gravest Test Since Pinochet

Eduardo Engel and Benjamín García

A far-right candidate threatens to dismantle decades of democratic progress in Latin America's most celebrated success story.

Uruguay’s Enduring State: From Century-Old Consensus to Twenty-First Century Trials

Aníbal Peluffo, Patricia González and Viviana Barreto

A nation built on public provision faces new tests as crime, inequality and demographic shifts challenge its foundational social contract.

Brazil in the Labyrinth: State, Democracy and Inequality

Francisco Gaetani

As Brazil approaches crucial elections, the country must confront deep structural challenges that have undermined democratic progress for decades.

Time to Move Forward So We Don’t Go Back

Enma Lopez

In a world gripped by far-right populism, Spain's progressive government proves that advancing the welfare state—not merely defending it—is the best vaccine against reactionary politics.

Estonia’s Digital Frontier: When Perfect E-Government Meets the Paradox of Trust

Iivi Riivits-Arkonsuo

Efficiency without empathy risks turning citizens into data points—Estonia's digital frontier reveals the human limits of technological perfection.

Albania’s AI Minister Cannot Fix What Citizens No Longer Trust

Erjon Tase

Bold reforms and EU progress ring hollow when inequality deepens and Albanians choose to leave the country.

When Democracy and Liberalism Collide: America’s Governance Crisis

Marlies Murray

The United States is dismantling the very institutions designed to solve its problems—a paradox that reveals a deeper conflict between democratic will and liberal principles.

Botswana’s Critical Transition: From Parental Provider to Democratic Enabler

Galaletsang Dintsi and Kabo Diamond Moseki

As diamond revenues collapse and public trust erodes, Botswana's new government attempts a fundamental reimagining of the state-citizen relationship.

Portugal’s Democratic Paradox: How A Democracy Confronts The Crisis Of Trust

Fatima Fonseca

Fifty years after dictatorship, Portugal faces the challenge of rebuilding faith in democratic institutions while delivering on citizens' rising expectations.

Paradise Lost: New Zealand’s Crisis Of State And Identity

Grant Duncan

As economic stagnation meets constitutional discord, the remote archipelago faces fundamental questions about its future as a unified nation.

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A more strategic Europe? Risks and opportunities for the world of work

Europe’s ambition to achieve strategic autonomy is at risk of being undermined from within, according to the annual flagship report by the ETUI and the ETUC. Despite signs of macroeconomic resilience, weakening investment, stalled decarbonisation and growing labour market fragilities are eroding the very foundations on which Europe’s power depends. Once again, the Benchmarking Working Europe 2026 report stands out as an invaluable resource, providing a comprehensive set of indicators illustrated through more than 60 graphs and tables, with analysis from ETUI researchers.

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Is financial resilience and trust in Europe faltering?

In this episode of Eurofound Talks, host Mary McCaughey and senior researcher Eszter Sandor unpack the results of the 2025 Living and Working in the EU e-survey. While headline inflation has stabilised at 2.1%, the data reveals a continent gripped by chronic precariousness, with 57% of respondents now at risk of depression. Mary and Eszter explore how this economic insecurity is impacting institutional trust and democratic engagement.

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Read the book "The open future and its enemies" 

A robust democracy must not leave the future in the hands of the alliance between Big Tech and the far right. AI must be politically reined in and democratically shaped so that humanity retains its sovereignty.

Artificial intelligence is regarded as the driving force of progress. Yet it has long since become a challenge to democracy. The book argues that uncontrolled AI will erode our freedom, self-determination and democracy.

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Hans Böckler Stiftung Advertisement

WSI Minimum Wage Report 2026

Minimum wage policy across Europe has shifted significantly, with many EU countries raising wages above average and anchoring them to adequate living standards. This trend is consolidating as countries increasingly adopt the reference values recommended in the European Minimum Wage Directive — recently upheld by the European Court of Justice.

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S&D Group in the European Parliament Advertisement

S&D Africa Days 2026

We are pleased to invite you to save the date for the S&D Africa Days 2026, taking place on 30 June and 1 July 2026, in Brussels. 

At a time when Africa is too often viewed through narrow and one-sided narratives, this initiative reflects a key political priority for the S&D Group: to advance a renewed, forward-looking partnership of equals between Europe and Africa based on equality, solidarity, social justice and shared progress. 

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FES Advertisement

“What is the actual purpose of the state?” – this central question is the focus of the analysis. At a time when bureaucratic processes are making life difficult for citizens, the paper proposes a three-part model. It aims at a conception of the state as a platform that helps society build the capabilities it needs to address its problems effectively.

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