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Economy

Social Europe is an award-winning digital media publisher driven by the core values of freedom, sustainability, and equality. These principles guide our exploration of society’s most pressing challenges. This archive page curates Social Europe articles focused on economic issues, offering a rich resource for innovative thinking and informed debate.

Europe’s Industrial Crisis: Invest Now or Accept Decline

Judith Kirton-Darling and Isabelle Barthès

Across 18 sectors, only aerospace and defence remain globally competitive—Europe must abandon naivety and act decisively.

Gavel crashing onto broken pavement symbolising legal or judicial disturbance.

After Landmark EU Court Judgement: The EU Minimum Wages Directive Is Alive and Kicking

Torsten Müller and Thorsten Schulten

The landmark ruling validates the directive's approach to adequate wages and collective bargaining, dealing only minor setbacks to its implementation across Europe.

The Trouble with Abundance

Jeffrey Frankel

"Abundance" sounds appealing, but institutional competence and economic wisdom matter more than uplifting slogans.

Europe Needs Industrial Policy That Puts Workers First in an Age of Uncertainty

Susanne Wixforth and Michael Soder

Bold industrial strategy must combine green transformation with social justice to secure Europe's economic future.

Europe Needs A Public Investment Revolution To Secure Its Economic Future

Philipp Heimberger and Cara Dabrowski

Boosting infrastructure spending would stimulate growth and employment without threatening debt sustainability.

The Real Digital Revolution At Work: Why Platformisation Matters More Than Robots

Enrique Fernández-Macías and Laura Nurski

The digital transformation of work isn't destroying jobs through automation—it's fundamentally reshaping how work is organised, managed and controlled.

The Digital Imperative for European SMEs

Elena Biaggi

Europe's SME digital divide persists despite EU efforts, with financial constraints and skills shortages hindering transformation.

Why Europe Needs an Industrial Policy for Services

Dani Rodrik

Manufacturing can't create jobs anymore. Services must step up—with smart policy to boost productivity.

How to Control the Increase of Income Inequality Due to New Technologies?

Branko Milanovic

New technologies drive inequality by concentrating capital income. Three policy approaches can help spread ownership and moderate disparities.

Europe Needs Active Demand Management, Not Business As Usual

Judith Kirton-Darling and Isabelle Barthès

As tariff wars and industrial crises mount, Europe must abandon austerity for investment-driven internal demand.

When Corporate Mergers Hurt Workers, Europe Must Act

Wouter Zwysen

Europe's merger watchdogs generally ignore labour market impacts, but there is a possibility for change.

The ECB Must Embrace Europe’s Green Finance Rules To Secure Both Climate Goals And Financial Stability

Gaston Bronstering and David Barmes

Integrating sustainable finance standards into central bank operations would align market incentives and strengthen the eurozone's climate resilience.

The EU’s Industrial Policy Needs Better Governance

Wolfgang Polt

Europe's fragmented approach to industrial strategy undermines its ability to compete with China and the United States.

Europe’s Innovation Agencies Need Radical Reform To Meet Today’s Grand Challenges

Rainer Kattel

Innovation agencies in the EU are no longer fit for purpose. A major overhaul of both the concept of innovation and of institutional structures is urgent.

Industrial Policy Must Include Citizens And Workers

Werner Raza

Europe's twin transformation needs social conditionalities to prevent corporate capture and build democratic legitimacy.

Europe’s Green Jobs Crisis: Why Slow Decarbonisation Threatens Employment More Than Climate Action

Béla Galgóczi

Lagging investment in clean technologies poses a greater risk to European jobs than the green transition itself.

Europe’s Critical Raw Materials Strategy Demands Equitable Global Partnerships

Bernhard Tröster, Simela Papatheophilou and Karin Küblböck

The EU's industrial ambitions hinge on transforming extractive relationships into sustainable partnerships with resource-rich nations.

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S&D Group in the European Parliament Advertisement

S&D Housing Storytelling

Europeans are struggling with rising housing and rental costs, and we have been working in various ways to address this, because we believe a home is a right for everyone.
 Recently, we travelled across Europe to hear directly from people who struggle to afford a decent place to live. They shared a glimpse of how the housing crisis has affected their lives and why having a home is so important to them. Take a moment to check out their stories. They remind us why it is so urgent to act.

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New Edition - Social policy in the European Union: state of play 2025

Can Europe preserve its distinctive social model while simultaneously rearming, reindustrialising, and reorganising its economy in a more conflictual and competitive world? This is the central question raised in this new edition of the Bilan social, a reference publication released every spring for more than 25 years by the European Trade Union Institute (ETUI) and the European Social Observatory (OSE).

READ HERE
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Is financial resilience and trust in Europe faltering?

In this episode of Eurofound Talks, host Mary McCaughey and senior researcher Eszter Sandor unpack the results of the 2025 Living and Working in the EU e-survey. While headline inflation has stabilised at 2.1%, the data reveals a continent gripped by chronic precariousness, with 57% of respondents now at risk of depression. Mary and Eszter explore how this economic insecurity is impacting institutional trust and democratic engagement.

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Read the book "The open future and its enemies" 

A robust democracy must not leave the future in the hands of the alliance between Big Tech and the far right. AI must be politically reined in and democratically shaped so that humanity retains its sovereignty.

Artificial intelligence is regarded as the driving force of progress. Yet it has long since become a challenge to democracy. The book argues that uncontrolled AI will erode our freedom, self-determination and democracy.

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WSI Minimum Wage Report 2026

Minimum wage policy across Europe has shifted significantly, with many EU countries raising wages above average and anchoring them to adequate living standards. This trend is consolidating as countries increasingly adopt the reference values recommended in the European Minimum Wage Directive — recently upheld by the European Court of Justice.

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FES Advertisement

“What is the actual purpose of the state?” – this central question is the focus of the analysis. At a time when bureaucratic processes are making life difficult for citizens, the paper proposes a three-part model. It aims at a conception of the state as a platform that helps society build the capabilities it needs to address its problems effectively.

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